Map and compass basics for beginner hikers

Phone apps are brilliant, but batteries die and signal drops. Basic map skills are a reliable backup.

Reading a map

• Scale: on a 1:25,000 map, 4 cm equals 1 km.
• Contour lines: lines close together mean steep ground; far apart means gentle slopes.
• Symbols: check the key for paths, rivers, woodland and buildings.

Orient the map

Turn the map so that features on it line up with what you see around you. This simple habit helps prevent most wrong turns.

Using a compass to follow a bearing

1. Place the compass edge along the line from where you are to where you want to go.
2. Turn the dial until the orienting lines match the north-south grid lines on the map.
3. Take the compass off the map and turn your body until the needle sits inside the orienting arrow.
4. Walk in the direction of the travel arrow.

Practise somewhere easy

Practise on a familiar local walk before you rely on these skills somewhere new.

If you get lost

Stop, stay calm, and work out your last known position on the map. If you can't, retrace your steps to a point you recognise.